Conditions that are not cancer

Epididymo-orchitis
Epididymo-orchitis is common in young men aged 15-30. It is a condition where either the epididymis (the tube that collects sperm) or testicle, or both, become swollen and inflamed. This is usually caused by an infection, like a urinary infection or a sexually transmitted disease (STD). The swelling can come on quickly, may be painful to touch, and the scrotum may feel firm. It can take a few weeks to go away completely. Doctors usually prescribe strong antibiotics to treat it.
Epididymal cysts
Epididymal cysts usually develop in adults and may take many years to form. These are quite common and are small, fluid filled sacs often about the size of a pea, but they can be bigger. They are smooth and round and found at the head of the epididymis, not on the testicle itself. Epididymal cysts which contain clear fluid or sperm are not cancer and usually don’t need treatment. But if they get big or cause pain, they can be removed with surgery.
Hydrocele
A fluid-filled sac inside the scrotum helps the testicles move freely. Sometimes, extra fluid builds up around the testicle causing a condition called a hydrocele. A hydrocele will often feel like a fluid-filled balloon and rarely causes symptoms unless it becomes big. If a hydrocele gets too big or uncomfortable, it can be removed with surgery. If it appears suddenly, it's a good idea to see a doctor to make sure there are no other problems with the testicle.
Varicocele
Varicocele can affect men of all ages. It happens when the veins in the scrotum and around the testicle get bigger, like varicose veins in the legs. The cause isn’t exactly known. They can be different sizes and usually don’t hurt, but some may cause a heavy or ‘dragging’ feeling. Treatment is rarely needed. Varicoceles are usually found in the left side of the scrotum.

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